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# Copyright 2010 OpenStack Foundation

# Copyright 2011 Piston Cloud Computing, Inc

# All Rights Reserved.

#

# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may

# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain

# a copy of the License at

#

# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

#

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT

# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the

# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations

# under the License.

import base64

import os

import re

from oslo.config import cfg

from oslo import messaging

import six

import webob

from webob import exc

from nova.api.openstack import common

from nova.api.openstack.compute import ips

from nova.api.openstack.compute.views import servers as views_servers

from nova.api.openstack import wsgi

from nova.api.openstack import xmlutil

from nova import block_device

from nova import compute

from nova.compute import flavors

from nova import exception

from nova.objects import block_device as block_device_obj

from nova.objects import instance as instance_obj

from nova.openstack.common.gettextutils import _

from nova.openstack.common import log as logging

from nova.openstack.common import strutils

from nova.openstack.common import timeutils

from nova.openstack.common import uuidutils

from nova import policy

from nova import utils

server_opts = [

cfg.BoolOpt('enable_instance_password',

default=True,

help='Enables returning of the instance password by the'

' relevant server API calls such as create, rebuild'

' or rescue, If the hypervisor does not support'

' password injection then the password returned will'

' not be correct'),

]

CONF = cfg.CONF

CONF.register_opts(server_opts)

CONF.import_opt('network_api_class', 'nova.network')

CONF.import_opt('reclaim_instance_interval', 'nova.compute.manager')

LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)

XML_WARNING = False

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def make_fault(elem):

    fault = xmlutil.SubTemplateElement(elem, 'fault', selector='fault')

    fault.set('code')

    fault.set('created')

    msg = xmlutil.SubTemplateElement(fault, 'message')

    msg.text = 'message'

    det = xmlutil.SubTemplateElement(fault, 'details')

    det.text = 'details'

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def make_server(elem, detailed=False):

    elem.set('name')

    elem.set('id')

    global XML_WARNING

    if not XML_WARNING:

        LOG.warning(_('XML support has been deprecated and may be removed '

                      'as early as the Juno release.'))

        XML_WARNING = True

    if detailed:

        elem.set('userId', 'user_id')

        elem.set('tenantId', 'tenant_id')

        elem.set('updated')

        elem.set('created')

        elem.set('hostId')

        elem.set('accessIPv4')

        elem.set('accessIPv6')

        elem.set('status')

        elem.set('progress')

        elem.set('reservation_id')

        # Attach image node

        image = xmlutil.SubTemplateElement(elem, 'image', selector='image')

        image.set('id')

        xmlutil.make_links(image, 'links')

        # Attach flavor node

        flavor = xmlutil.SubTemplateElement(elem, 'flavor', selector='flavor')

        flavor.set('id')

        xmlutil.make_links(flavor, 'links')

        # Attach fault node

        make_fault(elem)

        # Attach metadata node

        elem.append(common.MetadataTemplate())

        # Attach addresses node

        elem.append(ips.AddressesTemplate())

    xmlutil.make_links(elem, 'links')

server_nsmap = {None: xmlutil.XMLNS_V11, 'atom': xmlutil.XMLNS_ATOM}

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class ServerTemplate(xmlutil.TemplateBuilder):

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    def construct(self):

        root = xmlutil.TemplateElement('server', selector='server')

        make_server(root, detailed=True)

        return xmlutil.MasterTemplate(root, 1, nsmap=server_nsmap)

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class MinimalServersTemplate(xmlutil.TemplateBuilder):

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    def construct(self):

        root = xmlutil.TemplateElement('servers')

        elem = xmlutil.SubTemplateElement(root, 'server', selector='servers')

        make_server(elem)

        xmlutil.make_links(root, 'servers_links')

        return xmlutil.MasterTemplate(root, 1, nsmap=server_nsmap)

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class ServersTemplate(xmlutil.TemplateBuilder):

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    def construct(self):

        root = xmlutil.TemplateElement('servers')

        elem = xmlutil.SubTemplateElement(root, 'server', selector='servers')

        make_server(elem, detailed=True)

        return xmlutil.MasterTemplate(root, 1, nsmap=server_nsmap)

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class ServerAdminPassTemplate(xmlutil.TemplateBuilder):

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    def construct(self):

        root = xmlutil.TemplateElement('server')

        root.set('adminPass')

        return xmlutil.SlaveTemplate(root, 1, nsmap=server_nsmap)

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class ServerMultipleCreateTemplate(xmlutil.TemplateBuilder):

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    def construct(self):

        root = xmlutil.TemplateElement('server')

        root.set('reservation_id')

        return xmlutil.MasterTemplate(root, 1, nsmap=server_nsmap)

def FullServerTemplate():

    master = ServerTemplate()

    master.attach(ServerAdminPassTemplate())

    return master

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def FullServerTemplate():

    master = ServerTemplate()

    master.attach(ServerAdminPassTemplate())

    return master

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class CommonDeserializer(wsgi.MetadataXMLDeserializer):

"""Common deserializer to handle xml-formatted server create requests.

Handles standard server attributes as well as optional metadata

and personality attributes

"""

metadata_deserializer = common.MetadataXMLDeserializer()

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    def _extract_personality(self, server_node):

        """Marshal the personality attribute of a parsed request."""

        node = self.find_first_child_named(server_node, "personality")

        if node is not None:

            personality = []

            for file_node in self.find_children_named(node, "file"):

                item = {}

                if file_node.hasAttribute("path"):

                    item["path"] = file_node.getAttribute("path")

                item["contents"] = self.extract_text(file_node)

                personality.append(item)

            return personality

        else:

            return None

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    def _extract_server(self, node):

        """Marshal the server attribute of a parsed request."""

        server = {}

        server_node = self.find_first_child_named(node, 'server')

        attributes = ["name", "imageRef", "flavorRef", "adminPass",

                      "accessIPv4", "accessIPv6", "key_name",

                      "availability_zone", "min_count", "max_count"]

        for attr in attributes:

            if server_node.getAttribute(attr):

                server[attr] = server_node.getAttribute(attr)

        res_id = server_node.getAttribute('return_reservation_id')

        if res_id:

            server['return_reservation_id'] = \

                    strutils.bool_from_string(res_id)

        scheduler_hints = self._extract_scheduler_hints(server_node)

        if scheduler_hints:

            server['OS-SCH-HNT:scheduler_hints'] = scheduler_hints

        metadata_node = self.find_first_child_named(server_node, "metadata")

        if metadata_node is not None:

            server["metadata"] = self.extract_metadata(metadata_node)

        user_data_node = self.find_first_child_named(server_node, "user_data")

        if user_data_node is not None:

            server["user_data"] = self.extract_text(user_data_node)

        personality = self._extract_personality(server_node)

        if personality is not None:

            server["personality"] = personality

        networks = self._extract_networks(server_node)

        if networks is not None:

            server["networks"] = networks

        security_groups = self._extract_security_groups(server_node)

        if security_groups is not None:

            server["security_groups"] = security_groups

        # NOTE(vish): this is not namespaced in json, so leave it without a

        #             namespace for now

        block_device_mapping = self._extract_block_device_mapping(server_node)

        if block_device_mapping is not None:

            server["block_device_mapping"] = block_device_mapping

        block_device_mapping_v2 = self._extract_block_device_mapping_v2(

            server_node)

        if block_device_mapping_v2 is not None:

            server["block_device_mapping_v2"] = block_device_mapping_v2

        # NOTE(vish): Support this incorrect version because it was in the code

        #             base for a while and we don't want to accidentally break

        #             anyone that might be using it.

        auto_disk_config = server_node.getAttribute('auto_disk_config')

        if auto_disk_config:

            server['OS-DCF:diskConfig'] = auto_disk_config

        auto_disk_config = server_node.getAttribute('OS-DCF:diskConfig')

        if auto_disk_config:

            server['OS-DCF:diskConfig'] = auto_disk_config

        config_drive = server_node.getAttribute('config_drive')

        if config_drive:

            server['config_drive'] = config_drive

        return server

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    def _extract_block_device_mapping(self, server_node):

        """Marshal the block_device_mapping node of a parsed request."""

        node = self.find_first_child_named(server_node, "block_device_mapping")

        if node:

            block_device_mapping = []

            for child in self.extract_elements(node):

                if child.nodeName != "mapping":

                    continue

                mapping = {}

                attributes = ["volume_id", "snapshot_id", "device_name",

                              "virtual_name", "volume_size"]

                for attr in attributes:

                    value = child.getAttribute(attr)

                    if value:

                        mapping[attr] = value

                attributes = ["delete_on_termination", "no_device"]

                for attr in attributes:

                    value = child.getAttribute(attr)

                    if value:

                        mapping[attr] = strutils.bool_from_string(value)

                block_device_mapping.append(mapping)

            return block_device_mapping

        else:

            return None

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    def _extract_block_device_mapping_v2(self, server_node):

        """Marshal the new block_device_mappings."""

        node = self.find_first_child_named(server_node,

                                           "block_device_mapping_v2")

        if node:

            block_device_mapping = []

            for child in self.extract_elements(node):

                if child.nodeName != "mapping":

                    continue

                block_device_mapping.append(

                    dict((attr, child.getAttribute(attr))

                        for attr in block_device.bdm_new_api_fields

                        if child.getAttribute(attr)))

            return block_device_mapping

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    def _extract_scheduler_hints(self, server_node):

        """Marshal the scheduler hints attribute of a parsed request."""

        node = self.find_first_child_named_in_namespace(server_node,

            "http://docs.openstack.org/compute/ext/scheduler-hints/api/v2",

            "scheduler_hints")

        if node:

            scheduler_hints = {}

            for child in self.extract_elements(node):

                scheduler_hints.setdefault(child.nodeName, [])

                value = self.extract_text(child).strip()

                scheduler_hints[child.nodeName].append(value)

            return scheduler_hints

        else:

            return None

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    def _extract_networks(self, server_node):

        """Marshal the networks attribute of a parsed request."""

        node = self.find_first_child_named(server_node, "networks")

        if node is not None:

            networks = []

            for network_node in self.find_children_named(node,

                                                         "network"):

                item = {}

                if network_node.hasAttribute("uuid"):

                    item["uuid"] = network_node.getAttribute("uuid")

                if network_node.hasAttribute("fixed_ip"):

                    item["fixed_ip"] = network_node.getAttribute("fixed_ip")

                if network_node.hasAttribute("port"):

                    item["port"] = network_node.getAttribute("port")

                networks.append(item)

            return networks

        else:

            return None

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _extract_security_groups(self, server_node):

        """Marshal the security_groups attribute of a parsed request."""

        node = self.find_first_child_named(server_node, "security_groups")

        if node is not None:

            security_groups = []

            for sg_node in self.find_children_named(node, "security_group"):

                item = {}

                name = self.find_attribute_or_element(sg_node, 'name')

                if name:

                    item["name"] = name

                    security_groups.append(item)

            return security_groups

        else:

            return None

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class ActionDeserializer(CommonDeserializer):

"""Deserializer to handle xml-formatted server action requests.

Handles standard server attributes as well as optional metadata

and personality attributes

"""

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    def default(self, string):

        dom = xmlutil.safe_minidom_parse_string(string)

        action_node = dom.childNodes[0]

        action_name = action_node.tagName

        action_deserializer = {

            'createImage': self._action_create_image,

            'changePassword': self._action_change_password,

            'reboot': self._action_reboot,

            'rebuild': self._action_rebuild,

            'resize': self._action_resize,

            'confirmResize': self._action_confirm_resize,

            'revertResize': self._action_revert_resize,

        }.get(action_name, super(ActionDeserializer, self).default)

        action_data = action_deserializer(action_node)

        return {'body': {action_name: action_data}}

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    def _action_create_image(self, node):

        return self._deserialize_image_action(node, ('name',))

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    def _action_change_password(self, node):

        if not node.hasAttribute("adminPass"):

            raise AttributeError("No adminPass was specified in request")

        return {"adminPass": node.getAttribute("adminPass")}

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    def _action_reboot(self, node):

        if not node.hasAttribute("type"):

            raise AttributeError("No reboot type was specified in request")

        return {"type": node.getAttribute("type")}

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _action_rebuild(self, node):

        rebuild = {}

        if node.hasAttribute("name"):

            name = node.getAttribute("name")

            if not name:

                raise AttributeError("Name cannot be blank")

            rebuild['name'] = name

        if node.hasAttribute("auto_disk_config"):

            rebuild['OS-DCF:diskConfig'] = node.getAttribute(

                "auto_disk_config")

        if node.hasAttribute("OS-DCF:diskConfig"):

            rebuild['OS-DCF:diskConfig'] = node.getAttribute(

                "OS-DCF:diskConfig")

        metadata_node = self.find_first_child_named(node, "metadata")

        if metadata_node is not None:

            rebuild["metadata"] = self.extract_metadata(metadata_node)

        personality = self._extract_personality(node)

        if personality is not None:

            rebuild["personality"] = personality

        if not node.hasAttribute("imageRef"):

            raise AttributeError("No imageRef was specified in request")

        rebuild["imageRef"] = node.getAttribute("imageRef")

        if node.hasAttribute("adminPass"):

            rebuild["adminPass"] = node.getAttribute("adminPass")

        if node.hasAttribute("accessIPv4"):

            rebuild["accessIPv4"] = node.getAttribute("accessIPv4")

        if node.hasAttribute("accessIPv6"):

            rebuild["accessIPv6"] = node.getAttribute("accessIPv6")

        if node.hasAttribute("preserve_ephemeral"):

            rebuild["preserve_ephemeral"] = strutils.bool_from_string(

                node.getAttribute("preserve_ephemeral"), strict=True)

        return rebuild

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    def _action_resize(self, node):

        resize = {}

        if node.hasAttribute("flavorRef"):

            resize["flavorRef"] = node.getAttribute("flavorRef")

        else:

            raise AttributeError("No flavorRef was specified in request")

        if node.hasAttribute("auto_disk_config"):

            resize['OS-DCF:diskConfig'] = node.getAttribute("auto_disk_config")

        if node.hasAttribute("OS-DCF:diskConfig"):

            resize['OS-DCF:diskConfig'] = node.getAttribute(

                "OS-DCF:diskConfig")

        return resize

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    def _action_confirm_resize(self, node):

        return None

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    def _action_revert_resize(self, node):

        return None

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    def _deserialize_image_action(self, node, allowed_attributes):

        data = {}

        for attribute in allowed_attributes:

            value = node.getAttribute(attribute)

            if value:

                data[attribute] = value

        metadata_node = self.find_first_child_named(node, 'metadata')

        if metadata_node is not None:

            metadata = self.metadata_deserializer.extract_metadata(

                                                        metadata_node)

            data['metadata'] = metadata

        return data

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class CreateDeserializer(CommonDeserializer):

"""Deserializer to handle xml-formatted server create requests.

Handles standard server attributes as well as optional metadata

and personality attributes

"""

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    def default(self, string):

        """Deserialize an xml-formatted server create request."""

        dom = xmlutil.safe_minidom_parse_string(string)

        server = self._extract_server(dom)

        return {'body': {'server': server}}

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class Controller(wsgi.Controller):

"""The Server API base controller class for the OpenStack API."""

_view_builder_class = views_servers.ViewBuilder

@staticmethod

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    def _add_location(robj):

        # Just in case...

        if 'server' not in robj.obj:

            return robj

        link = filter(lambda l: l['rel'] == 'self',

                      robj.obj['server']['links'])

        if link:

            robj['Location'] = utils.utf8(link[0]['href'])

        # Convenience return

        return robj

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    def __init__(self, ext_mgr=None, **kwargs):

        super(Controller, self).__init__(**kwargs)

        self.compute_api = compute.API()

        self.ext_mgr = ext_mgr

    @wsgi.serializers(xml=MinimalServersTemplate)

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    def index(self, req):

        """Returns a list of server names and ids for a given user."""

        try:

            servers = self._get_servers(req, is_detail=False)

        except exception.Invalid as err:

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=err.format_message())

        return servers

    @wsgi.serializers(xml=ServersTemplate)

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    def detail(self, req):

        """Returns a list of server details for a given user."""

        try:

            servers = self._get_servers(req, is_detail=True)

        except exception.Invalid as err:

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=err.format_message())

        return servers

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _get_servers(self, req, is_detail):

        """Returns a list of servers, based on any search options specified."""

        search_opts = {}

        search_opts.update(req.GET)

        context = req.environ['nova.context']

        remove_invalid_options(context, search_opts,

                self._get_server_search_options())

        # Verify search by 'status' contains a valid status.

        # Convert it to filter by vm_state or task_state for compute_api.

        status = search_opts.pop('status', None)

        if status is not None:

            vm_state, task_state = common.task_and_vm_state_from_status(status)

            if not vm_state and not task_state:

                return {'servers': []}

            search_opts['vm_state'] = vm_state

            # When we search by vm state, task state will return 'default'.

            # So we don't need task_state search_opt.

            if 'default' not in task_state:

                search_opts['task_state'] = task_state

        if 'changes-since' in search_opts:

            try:

                parsed = timeutils.parse_isotime(search_opts['changes-since'])

            except ValueError:

                msg = _('Invalid changes-since value')

                raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

            search_opts['changes-since'] = parsed

        # By default, compute's get_all() will return deleted instances.

        # If an admin hasn't specified a 'deleted' search option, we need

        # to filter out deleted instances by setting the filter ourselves.

        # ... Unless 'changes-since' is specified, because 'changes-since'

        # should return recently deleted images according to the API spec.

        if 'deleted' not in search_opts:

            if 'changes-since' not in search_opts:

                # No 'changes-since', so we only want non-deleted servers

                search_opts['deleted'] = False

        if search_opts.get("vm_state") == ['deleted']:

            if context.is_admin:

                search_opts['deleted'] = True

            else:

                msg = _("Only administrators may list deleted instances")

                raise exc.HTTPForbidden(explanation=msg)

        # If all tenants is passed with 0 or false as the value

        # then remove it from the search options. Nothing passed as

        # the value for all_tenants is considered to enable the feature

        all_tenants = search_opts.get('all_tenants')

        if all_tenants:

            try:

                if not strutils.bool_from_string(all_tenants, True):

                    del search_opts['all_tenants']

            except ValueError as err:

                raise exception.InvalidInput(str(err))

        if 'all_tenants' in search_opts:

            policy.enforce(context, 'compute:get_all_tenants',

                           {'project_id': context.project_id,

                            'user_id': context.user_id})

            del search_opts['all_tenants']

        else:

            if context.project_id:

                search_opts['project_id'] = context.project_id

            else:

                search_opts['user_id'] = context.user_id

        limit, marker = common.get_limit_and_marker(req)

        try:

            instance_list = self.compute_api.get_all(context,

                                                     search_opts=search_opts,

                                                     limit=limit,

                                                     marker=marker,

                                                     want_objects=True)

        except exception.MarkerNotFound:

            msg = _('marker [%s] not found') % marker

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        except exception.FlavorNotFound:

            log_msg = _("Flavor '%s' could not be found ")

            LOG.debug(log_msg, search_opts['flavor'])

            # TODO(mriedem): Move to ObjectListBase.__init__ for empty lists.

            instance_list = instance_obj.InstanceList(objects=[])

        if is_detail:

            instance_list.fill_faults()

            response = self._view_builder.detail(req, instance_list)

        else:

            response = self._view_builder.index(req, instance_list)

        req.cache_db_instances(instance_list)

        return response

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _get_server(self, context, req, instance_uuid):

        """Utility function for looking up an instance by uuid."""

        try:

            instance = self.compute_api.get(context, instance_uuid,

                                            want_objects=True)

        except exception.NotFound:

            msg = _("Instance could not be found")

            raise exc.HTTPNotFound(explanation=msg)

        req.cache_db_instance(instance)

        return instance

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _check_string_length(self, value, name, max_length=None):

        try:

            if isinstance(value, six.string_types):

                value = value.strip()

            utils.check_string_length(value, name, min_length=1,

                                      max_length=max_length)

        except exception.InvalidInput as e:

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=e.format_message())

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _validate_server_name(self, value):

        self._check_string_length(value, 'Server name', max_length=255)

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _get_injected_files(self, personality):

        """Create a list of injected files from the personality attribute.

        At this time, injected_files must be formatted as a list of

        (file_path, file_content) pairs for compatibility with the

        underlying compute service.

        """

        injected_files = []

        for item in personality:

            try:

                path = item['path']

                contents = item['contents']

            except KeyError as key:

                expl = _('Bad personality format: missing %s') % key

                raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=expl)

            except TypeError:

                expl = _('Bad personality format')

                raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=expl)

            if self._decode_base64(contents) is None:

                expl = _('Personality content for %s cannot be decoded') % path

                raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=expl)

            injected_files.append((path, contents))

        return injected_files

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _get_requested_networks(self, requested_networks):

        """Create a list of requested networks from the networks attribute."""

        networks = []

        for network in requested_networks:

            try:

                port_id = network.get('port', None)

                if port_id:

                    network_uuid = None

                    if not utils.is_neutron():

                        # port parameter is only for neutron v2.0

                        msg = _("Unknown argument : port")

                        raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

                    if not uuidutils.is_uuid_like(port_id):

                        msg = _("Bad port format: port uuid is "

                                "not in proper format "

                                "(%s)") % port_id

                        raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

                else:

                    network_uuid = network['uuid']

                if not port_id and not uuidutils.is_uuid_like(network_uuid):

                    br_uuid = network_uuid.split('-', 1)[-1]

                    if not uuidutils.is_uuid_like(br_uuid):

                        msg = _("Bad networks format: network uuid is "

                                "not in proper format "

                                "(%s)") % network_uuid

                        raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

                #fixed IP address is optional

                #if the fixed IP address is not provided then

                #it will use one of the available IP address from the network

                address = network.get('fixed_ip', None)

                if address is not None and not utils.is_valid_ip_address(

                        address):

                    msg = _("Invalid fixed IP address (%s)") % address

                    raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

                # For neutronv2, requested_networks

                # should be tuple of (network_uuid, fixed_ip, port_id)

                if utils.is_neutron():

                    networks.append((network_uuid, address, port_id))

                else:

                    # check if the network id is already present in the list,

                    # we don't want duplicate networks to be passed

                    # at the boot time

                    for id, ip in networks:

                        if id == network_uuid:

                            expl = (_("Duplicate networks"

                                      " (%s) are not allowed") %

                                    network_uuid)

                            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=expl)

                    networks.append((network_uuid, address))

            except KeyError as key:

                expl = _('Bad network format: missing %s') % key

                raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=expl)

            except TypeError:

                expl = _('Bad networks format')

                raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=expl)

        return networks

    # NOTE(vish): Without this regex, b64decode will happily

    #             ignore illegal bytes in the base64 encoded

    #             data.

    B64_REGEX = re.compile('^(?:[A-Za-z0-9+\/]{4})*'

                           '(?:[A-Za-z0-9+\/]{2}=='

                           '|[A-Za-z0-9+\/]{3}=)?$')

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _decode_base64(self, data):

        data = re.sub(r'\s', '', data)

        if not self.B64_REGEX.match(data):

            return None

        try:

            return base64.b64decode(data)

        except TypeError:

            return None

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _validate_user_data(self, user_data):

        """Check if the user_data is encoded properly."""

        if not user_data:

            return

        if self._decode_base64(user_data) is None:

            expl = _('Userdata content cannot be decoded')

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=expl)

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _validate_access_ipv4(self, address):

        if not utils.is_valid_ipv4(address):

            expl = _('accessIPv4 is not proper IPv4 format')

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=expl)

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _validate_access_ipv6(self, address):

        if not utils.is_valid_ipv6(address):

            expl = _('accessIPv6 is not proper IPv6 format')

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=expl)

    @wsgi.serializers(xml=ServerTemplate)

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def show(self, req, id):

        """Returns server details by server id."""

        try:

            context = req.environ['nova.context']

            instance = self.compute_api.get(context, id,

                                            want_objects=True)

            req.cache_db_instance(instance)

            return self._view_builder.show(req, instance)

        except exception.NotFound:

            msg = _("Instance could not be found")

            raise exc.HTTPNotFound(explanation=msg)

    @wsgi.response(202)

    @wsgi.serializers(xml=FullServerTemplate)

    @wsgi.deserializers(xml=CreateDeserializer)

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def create(self, req, body):

        """Creates a new server for a given user."""

        if not self.is_valid_body(body, 'server'):

            raise exc.HTTPUnprocessableEntity()

        context = req.environ['nova.context']

        server_dict = body['server']

        password = self._get_server_admin_password(server_dict)

        if 'name' not in server_dict:

            msg = _("Server name is not defined")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        name = server_dict['name']

        self._validate_server_name(name)

        name = name.strip()

        image_uuid = self._image_from_req_data(body)

        personality = server_dict.get('personality')

        config_drive = None

        if self.ext_mgr.is_loaded('os-config-drive'):

            config_drive = server_dict.get('config_drive')

        injected_files = []

        if personality:

            injected_files = self._get_injected_files(personality)

        sg_names = []

        if self.ext_mgr.is_loaded('os-security-groups'):

            security_groups = server_dict.get('security_groups')

            if security_groups is not None:

                sg_names = [sg['name'] for sg in security_groups

                            if sg.get('name')]

        if not sg_names:

            sg_names.append('default')

        sg_names = list(set(sg_names))

        requested_networks = None

        if (self.ext_mgr.is_loaded('os-networks')

                or utils.is_neutron()):

            requested_networks = server_dict.get('networks')

        if requested_networks is not None:

            if not isinstance(requested_networks, list):

                expl = _('Bad networks format')

                raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=expl)

            requested_networks = self._get_requested_networks(

                requested_networks)

        (access_ip_v4, ) = server_dict.get('accessIPv4'),

        if access_ip_v4 is not None:

            self._validate_access_ipv4(access_ip_v4)

        (access_ip_v6, ) = server_dict.get('accessIPv6'),

        if access_ip_v6 is not None:

            self._validate_access_ipv6(access_ip_v6)

        try:

            flavor_id = self._flavor_id_from_req_data(body)

        except ValueError as error:

            msg = _("Invalid flavorRef provided.")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        # optional openstack extensions:

        key_name = None

        if self.ext_mgr.is_loaded('os-keypairs'):

            key_name = server_dict.get('key_name')

        user_data = None

        if self.ext_mgr.is_loaded('os-user-data'):

            user_data = server_dict.get('user_data')

        self._validate_user_data(user_data)

        availability_zone = None

        if self.ext_mgr.is_loaded('os-availability-zone'):

            availability_zone = server_dict.get('availability_zone')

        block_device_mapping = None

        block_device_mapping_v2 = None

        legacy_bdm = True

        if self.ext_mgr.is_loaded('os-volumes'):

            block_device_mapping = server_dict.get('block_device_mapping', [])

            for bdm in block_device_mapping:

                try:

                    block_device.validate_device_name(bdm.get("device_name"))

                    block_device.validate_and_default_volume_size(bdm)

                except exception.InvalidBDMFormat as e:

                    raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=e.format_message())

                if 'delete_on_termination' in bdm:

                    bdm['delete_on_termination'] = strutils.bool_from_string(

                        bdm['delete_on_termination'])

            if self.ext_mgr.is_loaded('os-block-device-mapping-v2-boot'):

                # Consider the new data format for block device mapping

                block_device_mapping_v2 = server_dict.get(

                    'block_device_mapping_v2', [])

                # NOTE (ndipanov):  Disable usage of both legacy and new

                #                   block device format in the same request

                if block_device_mapping and block_device_mapping_v2:

                    expl = _('Using different block_device_mapping syntaxes '

                             'is not allowed in the same request.')

                    raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=expl)

                # Assume legacy format

                legacy_bdm = not bool(block_device_mapping_v2)

                try:

                    block_device_mapping_v2 = [

                        block_device.BlockDeviceDict.from_api(bdm_dict)

                        for bdm_dict in block_device_mapping_v2]

                except exception.InvalidBDMFormat as e:

                    raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=e.format_message())

        block_device_mapping = (block_device_mapping or

                                block_device_mapping_v2)

        ret_resv_id = False

        # min_count and max_count are optional.  If they exist, they may come

        # in as strings.  Verify that they are valid integers and > 0.

        # Also, we want to default 'min_count' to 1, and default

        # 'max_count' to be 'min_count'.

        min_count = 1

        max_count = 1

        if self.ext_mgr.is_loaded('os-multiple-create'):

            ret_resv_id = server_dict.get('return_reservation_id', False)

            min_count = server_dict.get('min_count', 1)

            max_count = server_dict.get('max_count', min_count)

        try:

            min_count = utils.validate_integer(

                min_count, "min_count", min_value=1)

            max_count = utils.validate_integer(

                max_count, "max_count", min_value=1)

        except exception.InvalidInput as e:

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=e.format_message())

        if min_count > max_count:

            msg = _('min_count must be <= max_count')

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        auto_disk_config = False

        if self.ext_mgr.is_loaded('OS-DCF'):

            auto_disk_config = server_dict.get('auto_disk_config')

        scheduler_hints = {}

        if self.ext_mgr.is_loaded('OS-SCH-HNT'):

            scheduler_hints = server_dict.get('scheduler_hints', {})

        try:

            _get_inst_type = flavors.get_flavor_by_flavor_id

            inst_type = _get_inst_type(flavor_id, ctxt=context,

                                       read_deleted="no")

            (instances, resv_id) = self.compute_api.create(context,

                            inst_type,

                            image_uuid,

                            display_name=name,

                            display_description=name,

                            key_name=key_name,

                            metadata=server_dict.get('metadata', {}),

                            access_ip_v4=access_ip_v4,

                            access_ip_v6=access_ip_v6,

                            injected_files=injected_files,

                            admin_password=password,

                            min_count=min_count,

                            max_count=max_count,

                            requested_networks=requested_networks,

                            security_group=sg_names,

                            user_data=user_data,

                            availability_zone=availability_zone,

                            config_drive=config_drive,

                            block_device_mapping=block_device_mapping,

                            auto_disk_config=auto_disk_config,

                            scheduler_hints=scheduler_hints,

                            legacy_bdm=legacy_bdm)

        except (exception.QuotaError,

                exception.PortLimitExceeded) as error:

            raise exc.HTTPRequestEntityTooLarge(

                explanation=error.format_message(),

                headers={'Retry-After': 0})

        except exception.InvalidMetadataSize as error:

            raise exc.HTTPRequestEntityTooLarge(

                explanation=error.format_message())

        except exception.ImageNotFound as error:

            msg = _("Can not find requested image")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        except exception.FlavorNotFound as error:

            msg = _("Invalid flavorRef provided.")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        except exception.KeypairNotFound as error:

            msg = _("Invalid key_name provided.")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        except exception.ConfigDriveInvalidValue:

            msg = _("Invalid config_drive provided.")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        except messaging.RemoteError as err:

            msg = "%(err_type)s: %(err_msg)s" % {'err_type': err.exc_type,

                                                 'err_msg': err.value}

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        except UnicodeDecodeError as error:

            msg = "UnicodeError: %s" % unicode(error)

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        except (exception.ImageNotActive,

                exception.FlavorDiskTooSmall,

                exception.FlavorMemoryTooSmall,

                exception.InvalidMetadata,

                exception.InvalidRequest,

                exception.MultiplePortsNotApplicable,

                exception.NetworkNotFound,

                exception.PortNotFound,

                exception.SecurityGroupNotFound,

                exception.InvalidBDM,

                exception.PortRequiresFixedIP,

                exception.NetworkRequiresSubnet,

                exception.InstanceUserDataMalformed) as error:

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=error.format_message())

        except (exception.PortInUse,

                exception.NoUniqueMatch) as error:

            raise exc.HTTPConflict(explanation=error.format_message())

        # If the caller wanted a reservation_id, return it

        if ret_resv_id:

            return wsgi.ResponseObject({'reservation_id': resv_id},

                                       xml=ServerMultipleCreateTemplate)

        req.cache_db_instances(instances)

        server = self._view_builder.create(req, instances[0])

        if CONF.enable_instance_password:

            server['server']['adminPass'] = password

        robj = wsgi.ResponseObject(server)

        return self._add_location(robj)

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _delete(self, context, req, instance_uuid):

        instance = self._get_server(context, req, instance_uuid)

        if CONF.reclaim_instance_interval:

            try:

                self.compute_api.soft_delete(context, instance)

            except exception.InstanceInvalidState:

                # Note(yufang521247): instance which has never been active

                # is not allowed to be soft_deleted. Thus we have to call

                # delete() to clean up the instance.

                self.compute_api.delete(context, instance)

        else:

            self.compute_api.delete(context, instance)

    @wsgi.serializers(xml=ServerTemplate)

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def update(self, req, id, body):

        """Update server then pass on to version-specific controller."""

        if not self.is_valid_body(body, 'server'):

            raise exc.HTTPUnprocessableEntity()

        ctxt = req.environ['nova.context']

        update_dict = {}

        if 'name' in body['server']:

            name = body['server']['name']

            self._validate_server_name(name)

            update_dict['display_name'] = name.strip()

        if 'accessIPv4' in body['server']:

            access_ipv4 = body['server']['accessIPv4']

            if access_ipv4:

                self._validate_access_ipv4(access_ipv4)

            update_dict['access_ip_v4'] = (

                access_ipv4 and access_ipv4.strip() or None)

        if 'accessIPv6' in body['server']:

            access_ipv6 = body['server']['accessIPv6']

            if access_ipv6:

                self._validate_access_ipv6(access_ipv6)

            update_dict['access_ip_v6'] = (

                access_ipv6 and access_ipv6.strip() or None)

        if 'auto_disk_config' in body['server']:

            auto_disk_config = strutils.bool_from_string(

                    body['server']['auto_disk_config'])

            update_dict['auto_disk_config'] = auto_disk_config

        if 'hostId' in body['server']:

            msg = _("HostId cannot be updated.")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        if 'personality' in body['server']:

            msg = _("Personality cannot be updated.")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        try:

            instance = self.compute_api.get(ctxt, id,

                                            want_objects=True)

            req.cache_db_instance(instance)

            policy.enforce(ctxt, 'compute:update', instance)

            instance.update(update_dict)

            instance.save()

        except exception.NotFound:

            msg = _("Instance could not be found")

            raise exc.HTTPNotFound(explanation=msg)

        return self._view_builder.show(req, instance)

    @wsgi.response(202)

    @wsgi.serializers(xml=FullServerTemplate)

    @wsgi.deserializers(xml=ActionDeserializer)

    @wsgi.action('confirmResize')

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _action_confirm_resize(self, req, id, body):

        context = req.environ['nova.context']

        instance = self._get_server(context, req, id)

        try:

            self.compute_api.confirm_resize(context, instance)

        except exception.MigrationNotFound:

            msg = _("Instance has not been resized.")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        except exception.InstanceIsLocked as e:

            raise exc.HTTPConflict(explanation=e.format_message())

        except exception.InstanceInvalidState as state_error:

            common.raise_http_conflict_for_instance_invalid_state(state_error,

                    'confirmResize')

        return exc.HTTPNoContent()

    @wsgi.response(202)

    @wsgi.serializers(xml=FullServerTemplate)

    @wsgi.deserializers(xml=ActionDeserializer)

    @wsgi.action('revertResize')

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _action_revert_resize(self, req, id, body):

        context = req.environ['nova.context']

        instance = self._get_server(context, req, id)

        try:

            self.compute_api.revert_resize(context, instance)

        except exception.MigrationNotFound:

            msg = _("Instance has not been resized.")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        except exception.FlavorNotFound:

            msg = _("Flavor used by the instance could not be found.")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        except exception.InstanceIsLocked as e:

            raise exc.HTTPConflict(explanation=e.format_message())

        except exception.InstanceInvalidState as state_error:

            common.raise_http_conflict_for_instance_invalid_state(state_error,

                    'revertResize')

        return webob.Response(status_int=202)

    @wsgi.response(202)

    @wsgi.serializers(xml=FullServerTemplate)

    @wsgi.deserializers(xml=ActionDeserializer)

    @wsgi.action('reboot')

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _action_reboot(self, req, id, body):

        if 'reboot' in body and 'type' in body['reboot']:

            if not isinstance(body['reboot']['type'], six.string_types):

                msg = _("Argument 'type' for reboot must be a string")

                LOG.error(msg)

                raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

            valid_reboot_types = ['HARD', 'SOFT']

            reboot_type = body['reboot']['type'].upper()

            if not valid_reboot_types.count(reboot_type):

                msg = _("Argument 'type' for reboot is not HARD or SOFT")

                LOG.error(msg)

                raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        else:

            msg = _("Missing argument 'type' for reboot")

            LOG.error(msg)

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        context = req.environ['nova.context']

        instance = self._get_server(context, req, id)

        try:

            self.compute_api.reboot(context, instance, reboot_type)

        except exception.InstanceIsLocked as e:

            raise exc.HTTPConflict(explanation=e.format_message())

        except exception.InstanceInvalidState as state_error:

            common.raise_http_conflict_for_instance_invalid_state(state_error,

                    'reboot')

        return webob.Response(status_int=202)

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _resize(self, req, instance_id, flavor_id, **kwargs):

        """Begin the resize process with given instance/flavor."""

        context = req.environ["nova.context"]

        instance = self._get_server(context, req, instance_id)

        try:

            self.compute_api.resize(context, instance, flavor_id, **kwargs)

        except exception.QuotaError as error:

            raise exc.HTTPRequestEntityTooLarge(

                explanation=error.format_message(),

                headers={'Retry-After': 0})

        except exception.FlavorNotFound:

            msg = _("Unable to locate requested flavor.")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        except exception.CannotResizeToSameFlavor:

            msg = _("Resize requires a flavor change.")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        except exception.InstanceIsLocked as e:

            raise exc.HTTPConflict(explanation=e.format_message())

        except exception.InstanceInvalidState as state_error:

            common.raise_http_conflict_for_instance_invalid_state(state_error,

                    'resize')

        except exception.ImageNotAuthorized:

            msg = _("You are not authorized to access the image "

                    "the instance was started with.")

            raise exc.HTTPUnauthorized(explanation=msg)

        except exception.ImageNotFound:

            msg = _("Image that the instance was started "

                    "with could not be found.")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        except exception.Invalid:

            msg = _("Invalid instance image.")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        return webob.Response(status_int=202)

    @wsgi.response(204)

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def delete(self, req, id):

        """Destroys a server."""

        try:

            self._delete(req.environ['nova.context'], req, id)

        except exception.NotFound:

            msg = _("Instance could not be found")

            raise exc.HTTPNotFound(explanation=msg)

        except exception.InstanceIsLocked as e:

            raise exc.HTTPConflict(explanation=e.format_message())

        except exception.InstanceInvalidState as state_error:

            common.raise_http_conflict_for_instance_invalid_state(state_error,

                    'delete')

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _image_ref_from_req_data(self, data):

        try:

            return unicode(data['server']['imageRef'])

        except (TypeError, KeyError):

            msg = _("Missing imageRef attribute")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _image_uuid_from_href(self, image_href):

        # If the image href was generated by nova api, strip image_href

        # down to an id and use the default glance connection params

        image_uuid = image_href.split('/').pop()

        if not uuidutils.is_uuid_like(image_uuid):

            msg = _("Invalid imageRef provided.")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        return image_uuid

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _image_from_req_data(self, data):

        """Get image data from the request or raise appropriate

        exceptions

        If no image is supplied - checks to see if there is

        block devices set and proper extesions loaded.

        """

        image_ref = data['server'].get('imageRef')

        bdm = data['server'].get('block_device_mapping')

        bdm_v2 = data['server'].get('block_device_mapping_v2')

        if (not image_ref and (

                (bdm and self.ext_mgr.is_loaded('os-volumes')) or

                (bdm_v2 and

                 self.ext_mgr.is_loaded('os-block-device-mapping-v2-boot')))):

            return ''

        else:

            image_href = self._image_ref_from_req_data(data)

            image_uuid = self._image_uuid_from_href(image_href)

            return image_uuid

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _flavor_id_from_req_data(self, data):

        try:

            flavor_ref = data['server']['flavorRef']

        except (TypeError, KeyError):

            msg = _("Missing flavorRef attribute")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        return common.get_id_from_href(flavor_ref)

    @wsgi.response(202)

    @wsgi.serializers(xml=FullServerTemplate)

    @wsgi.deserializers(xml=ActionDeserializer)

    @wsgi.action('changePassword')

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _action_change_password(self, req, id, body):

        context = req.environ['nova.context']

        if (not 'changePassword' in body

                or 'adminPass' not in body['changePassword']):

            msg = _("No adminPass was specified")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        password = self._get_server_admin_password(body['changePassword'])

        server = self._get_server(context, req, id)

        try:

            self.compute_api.set_admin_password(context, server, password)

        except NotImplementedError:

            msg = _("Unable to set password on instance")

            raise exc.HTTPNotImplemented(explanation=msg)

        return webob.Response(status_int=202)

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _validate_metadata(self, metadata):

        """Ensure that we can work with the metadata given."""

        try:

            metadata.iteritems()

        except AttributeError:

            msg = _("Unable to parse metadata key/value pairs.")

            LOG.debug(msg)

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

    @wsgi.response(202)

    @wsgi.serializers(xml=FullServerTemplate)

    @wsgi.deserializers(xml=ActionDeserializer)

    @wsgi.action('resize')

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _action_resize(self, req, id, body):

        """Resizes a given instance to the flavor size requested."""

        try:

            flavor_ref = str(body["resize"]["flavorRef"])

            if not flavor_ref:

                msg = _("Resize request has invalid 'flavorRef' attribute.")

                raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        except (KeyError, TypeError):

            msg = _("Resize requests require 'flavorRef' attribute.")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        kwargs = {}

        if 'auto_disk_config' in body['resize']:

            kwargs['auto_disk_config'] = body['resize']['auto_disk_config']

        return self._resize(req, id, flavor_ref, **kwargs)

    @wsgi.response(202)

    @wsgi.serializers(xml=FullServerTemplate)

    @wsgi.deserializers(xml=ActionDeserializer)

    @wsgi.action('rebuild')

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _action_rebuild(self, req, id, body):

        """Rebuild an instance with the given attributes."""

        body = body['rebuild']

        try:

            image_href = body["imageRef"]

        except (KeyError, TypeError):

            msg = _("Could not parse imageRef from request.")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        image_href = self._image_uuid_from_href(image_href)

        password = self._get_server_admin_password(body)

        context = req.environ['nova.context']

        instance = self._get_server(context, req, id)

        attr_map = {

            'personality': 'files_to_inject',

            'name': 'display_name',

            'accessIPv4': 'access_ip_v4',

            'accessIPv6': 'access_ip_v6',

            'metadata': 'metadata',

            'auto_disk_config': 'auto_disk_config',

        }

        kwargs = {}

        # take the preserve_ephemeral value into account only when the

        # corresponding extension is active

        if (self.ext_mgr.is_loaded('os-preserve-ephemeral-rebuild')

                and 'preserve_ephemeral' in body):

            kwargs['preserve_ephemeral'] = strutils.bool_from_string(

                body['preserve_ephemeral'], strict=True)

        if 'accessIPv4' in body:

            self._validate_access_ipv4(body['accessIPv4'])

        if 'accessIPv6' in body:

            self._validate_access_ipv6(body['accessIPv6'])

        if 'name' in body:

            self._validate_server_name(body['name'])

        for request_attribute, instance_attribute in attr_map.items():

            try:

                kwargs[instance_attribute] = body[request_attribute]

            except (KeyError, TypeError):

                pass

        self._validate_metadata(kwargs.get('metadata', {}))

        if 'files_to_inject' in kwargs:

            personality = kwargs.pop('files_to_inject')

            files_to_inject = self._get_injected_files(personality)

        else:

            files_to_inject = None

        try:

            self.compute_api.rebuild(context,

                                     instance,

                                     image_href,

                                     password,

                                     files_to_inject=files_to_inject,

                                     **kwargs)

        except exception.InstanceIsLocked as e:

            raise exc.HTTPConflict(explanation=e.format_message())

        except exception.InstanceInvalidState as state_error:

            common.raise_http_conflict_for_instance_invalid_state(state_error,

                    'rebuild')

        except exception.InstanceNotFound:

            msg = _("Instance could not be found")

            raise exc.HTTPNotFound(explanation=msg)

        except exception.InvalidMetadataSize as error:

            raise exc.HTTPRequestEntityTooLarge(

                explanation=error.format_message())

        except exception.ImageNotFound:

            msg = _("Cannot find image for rebuild")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        except (exception.ImageNotActive,

                exception.FlavorDiskTooSmall,

                exception.FlavorMemoryTooSmall,

                exception.InvalidMetadata) as error:

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=error.format_message())

        instance = self._get_server(context, req, id)

        view = self._view_builder.show(req, instance)

        # Add on the adminPass attribute since the view doesn't do it

        # unless instance passwords are disabled

        if CONF.enable_instance_password:

            view['server']['adminPass'] = password

        robj = wsgi.ResponseObject(view)

        return self._add_location(robj)

    @wsgi.response(202)

    @wsgi.serializers(xml=FullServerTemplate)

    @wsgi.deserializers(xml=ActionDeserializer)

    @wsgi.action('createImage')

    @common.check_snapshots_enabled

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _action_create_image(self, req, id, body):

        """Snapshot a server instance."""

        context = req.environ['nova.context']

        entity = body.get("createImage", {})

        image_name = entity.get("name")

        if not image_name:

            msg = _("createImage entity requires name attribute")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        props = {}

        metadata = entity.get('metadata', {})

        common.check_img_metadata_properties_quota(context, metadata)

        try:

            props.update(metadata)

        except ValueError:

            msg = _("Invalid metadata")

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=msg)

        instance = self._get_server(context, req, id)

        bdms = block_device_obj.BlockDeviceMappingList.get_by_instance_uuid(

                    context, instance.uuid)

        try:

            if self.compute_api.is_volume_backed_instance(context, instance,

                                                          bdms):

                img = instance['image_ref']

                if not img:

                    props = bdms.root_metadata(

                            context, self.compute_api.image_service,

                            self.compute_api.volume_api)

                    image_meta = {'properties': props}

                else:

                    src_image = self.compute_api.image_service.\

                                                show(context, img)

                    image_meta = dict(src_image)

                image = self.compute_api.snapshot_volume_backed(

                                                       context,

                                                       instance,

                                                       image_meta,

                                                       image_name,

                                                       extra_properties=props)

            else:

                image = self.compute_api.snapshot(context,

                                                  instance,

                                                  image_name,

                                                  extra_properties=props)

        except exception.InstanceInvalidState as state_error:

            common.raise_http_conflict_for_instance_invalid_state(state_error,

                        'createImage')

        except exception.Invalid as err:

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=err.format_message())

        # build location of newly-created image entity

        image_id = str(image['id'])

        image_ref = os.path.join(req.application_url,

                                 context.project_id,

                                 'images',

                                 image_id)

        resp = webob.Response(status_int=202)

        resp.headers['Location'] = image_ref

        return resp

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _get_server_admin_password(self, server):

        """Determine the admin password for a server on creation."""

        try:

            password = server['adminPass']

            self._validate_admin_password(password)

        except KeyError:

            password = utils.generate_password()

        except ValueError:

            raise exc.HTTPBadRequest(explanation=_("Invalid adminPass"))

        return password

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _validate_admin_password(self, password):

        if not isinstance(password, six.string_types):

            raise ValueError()

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _get_server_search_options(self):

        """Return server search options allowed by non-admin."""

        return ('reservation_id', 'name', 'status', 'image', 'flavor',

                'ip', 'changes-since', 'all_tenants')

def create_resource(ext_mgr):

    return wsgi.Resource(Controller(ext_mgr))

def remove_invalid_options(context, search_options, allowed_search_options):

    """Remove search options that are not valid for non-admin API/context."""

    if context.is_admin:

        # Allow all options

        return

    # Otherwise, strip out all unknown options

    unknown_options = [opt for opt in search_options

                        if opt not in allowed_search_options]

    LOG.debug(_("Removing options '%s' from query"),

              ", ".join(unknown_options))

    for opt in unknown_options:

        search_options.pop(opt, None)

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

def create_resource(ext_mgr):

    return wsgi.Resource(Controller(ext_mgr))

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

def remove_invalid_options(context, search_options, allowed_search_options):

    """Remove search options that are not valid for non-admin API/context."""

    if context.is_admin:

        # Allow all options

        return

    # Otherwise, strip out all unknown options

    unknown_options = [opt for opt in search_options

                        if opt not in allowed_search_options]

    LOG.debug(_("Removing options '%s' from query"),

              ", ".join(unknown_options))

    for opt in unknown_options:

        search_options.pop(opt, None)