¡@

Home 

OpenStack Study: core.py

OpenStack Index

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

# Copyright 2012 OpenStack Foundation

#

# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may

# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain

# a copy of the License at

#

# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

#

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT

# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the

# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations

# under the License.

"""Main entry point into the Identity service."""

import abc

import functools

import os

from oslo.config import cfg

import six

from keystone import clean

from keystone.common import dependency

from keystone.common import driver_hints

from keystone.common import manager

from keystone import config

from keystone import exception

from keystone import notifications

from keystone.openstack.common.gettextutils import _

from keystone.openstack.common import importutils

from keystone.openstack.common import log

from keystone.openstack.common import versionutils

CONF = config.CONF

LOG = log.getLogger(__name__)

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

def moved_to_assignment(f):

    name = f.__name__

    deprecated = versionutils.deprecated(versionutils.deprecated.ICEHOUSE,

                                         what="identity_api." + name,

                                         in_favor_of="assignment_api." + name,

                                         remove_in=+1)

    return deprecated(f)

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

def filter_user(user_ref):

    """Filter out private items in a user dict.

    'password', 'tenants' and 'groups' are never returned.

    :returns: user_ref

    """

    if user_ref:

        user_ref = user_ref.copy()

        user_ref.pop('password', None)

        user_ref.pop('tenants', None)

        user_ref.pop('groups', None)

        user_ref.pop('domains', None)

        try:

            user_ref['extra'].pop('password', None)

            user_ref['extra'].pop('tenants', None)

        except KeyError:

            pass

    return user_ref

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

class DomainConfigs(dict):

"""Discover, store and provide access to domain specific configs.

The setup_domain_drivers() call will be made via the wrapper from

the first call to any driver function handled by this manager. This

setup call it will scan the domain config directory for files of the form

keystone..conf

For each file, the domain_name will be turned into a domain_id and then

this class will:

- Create a new config structure, adding in the specific additional options

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _load_driver(self, assignment_api, domain_id):

        domain_config = self[domain_id]

        domain_config['driver'] = (

            importutils.import_object(

                domain_config['cfg'].identity.driver, domain_config['cfg']))

        domain_config['driver'].assignment_api = assignment_api

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _load_config(self, assignment_api, file_list, domain_name):

        try:

            domain_ref = assignment_api.get_domain_by_name(domain_name)

        except exception.DomainNotFound:

            LOG.warning(

                _('Invalid domain name (%s) found in config file name'),

                domain_name)

            return

        # Create a new entry in the domain config dict, which contains

        # a new instance of both the conf environment and driver using

        # options defined in this set of config files.  Later, when we

        # service calls via this Manager, we'll index via this domain

        # config dict to make sure we call the right driver

        domain = domain_ref['id']

        self[domain] = {}

        self[domain]['cfg'] = cfg.ConfigOpts()

        config.configure(conf=self[domain]['cfg'])

        self[domain]['cfg'](args=[], project='keystone',

                            default_config_files=file_list)

        self._load_driver(assignment_api, domain)

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def setup_domain_drivers(self, standard_driver, assignment_api):

        # This is called by the api call wrapper

        self.configured = True

        self.driver = standard_driver

        conf_dir = CONF.identity.domain_config_dir

        if not os.path.exists(conf_dir):

            LOG.warning(_('Unable to locate domain config directory: %s'),

                        conf_dir)

            return

        for r, d, f in os.walk(conf_dir):

            for fname in f:

                if fname.startswith('keystone.') and fname.endswith('.conf'):

                    names = fname.split('.')

                    if len(names) == 3:

                        self._load_config(assignment_api,

                                          [os.path.join(r, fname)],

                                          names[1])

                    else:

                        LOG.debug(_('Ignoring file (%s) while scanning domain '

                                    'config directory'),

                                  fname)

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def get_domain_driver(self, domain_id):

        if domain_id in self:

            return self[domain_id]['driver']

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def get_domain_conf(self, domain_id):

        if domain_id in self:

            return self[domain_id]['cfg']

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def reload_domain_driver(self, assignment_api, domain_id):

        # Only used to support unit tests that want to set

        # new config values.  This should only be called once

        # the domains have been configured, since it relies on

        # the fact that the configuration files have already been

        # read.

        if self.configured:

            if domain_id in self:

                self._load_driver(assignment_api, domain_id)

            else:

                # The standard driver

                self.driver = self.driver()

                self.driver.assignment_api = assignment_api

def domains_configured(f):

    """Wraps API calls to lazy load domain configs after init.

    This is required since the assignment manager needs to be initialized

    before this manager, and yet this manager's init wants to be

    able to make assignment calls (to build the domain configs).  So

    instead, we check if the domains have been initialized on entry

    to each call, and if requires load them,

    """

    @functools.wraps(f)

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

def domains_configured(f):

    """Wraps API calls to lazy load domain configs after init.

    This is required since the assignment manager needs to be initialized

    before this manager, and yet this manager's init wants to be

    able to make assignment calls (to build the domain configs).  So

    instead, we check if the domains have been initialized on entry

    to each call, and if requires load them,

    """

    @functools.wraps(f)

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):

        if (not self.domain_configs.configured and

                CONF.identity.domain_specific_drivers_enabled):

            LOG.warning(_(

                'Running an experimental and unsupported configuration '

                '(domain_specific_drivers_enabled = True); '

                'this will result in known issues.'))

            self.domain_configs.setup_domain_drivers(

                self.driver, self.assignment_api)

        return f(self, *args, **kwargs)

    return wrapper

@dependency.provider('identity_api')

@dependency.optional('revoke_api')

@dependency.requires('assignment_api', 'credential_api', 'token_api')

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

class Manager(manager.Manager):

"""Default pivot point for the Identity backend.

See :mod:`keystone.common.manager.Manager` for more details on how this

dynamically calls the backend.

This class also handles the support of domain specific backends, by using

the DomainConfigs class. The setup call for DomainConfigs is called

from with the @domains_configured wrapper in a lazy loading fashion

to get around the fact that we can't satisfy the assignment api it needs

from within our __init__() function since the assignment driver is not

itself yet initialized.

Each of the identity calls are pre-processed here to choose, based on

domain, which of the drivers should be called. The non-domain-specific

driver is still in place, and is used if there is no specific driver for

the domain in question.

"""

_USER = 'user'

_GROUP = 'group'

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def __init__(self):

        super(Manager, self).__init__(CONF.identity.driver)

        self.domain_configs = DomainConfigs()

    # Domain ID normalization methods

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _set_domain_id(self, ref, domain_id):

        if isinstance(ref, dict):

            ref = ref.copy()

            ref['domain_id'] = domain_id

            return ref

        elif isinstance(ref, list):

            return [self._set_domain_id(x, domain_id) for x in ref]

        else:

            raise ValueError(_('Expected dict or list: %s') % type(ref))

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _clear_domain_id(self, ref):

        # Clear the domain_id, and then check to ensure that if this

        # was not the default domain, it is being handled by its own

        # backend driver.

        ref = ref.copy()

        domain_id = ref.pop('domain_id', CONF.identity.default_domain_id)

        if (domain_id != CONF.identity.default_domain_id and

                domain_id not in self.domain_configs):

                    raise exception.DomainNotFound(domain_id=domain_id)

        return ref

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _normalize_scope(self, domain_scope):

        if domain_scope is None:

            return CONF.identity.default_domain_id

        else:

            return domain_scope

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _select_identity_driver(self, domain_id):

        driver = self.domain_configs.get_domain_driver(domain_id)

        if driver:

            return driver

        else:

            self.assignment_api.get_domain(domain_id)

            return self.driver

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _get_domain_id_and_driver(self, domain_scope):

        domain_id = self._normalize_scope(domain_scope)

        driver = self._select_identity_driver(domain_id)

        return (domain_id, driver)

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _mark_domain_id_filter_satisfied(self, hints):

        if hints:

            for filter in hints.filters():

                if (filter['name'] == 'domain_id' and

                        filter['comparator'] == 'equals'):

                    hints.remove(filter)

    # The actual driver calls - these are pre/post processed here as

    # part of the Manager layer to make sure we:

    #

    # - select the right driver for this domain

    # - clear/set domain_ids for drivers that do not support domains

    @notifications.emit_event('authenticate')

    @domains_configured

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def authenticate(self, context, user_id, password, domain_scope=None):

        domain_id, driver = self._get_domain_id_and_driver(domain_scope)

        ref = driver.authenticate(user_id, password)

        if not driver.is_domain_aware():

            ref = self._set_domain_id(ref, domain_id)

        return ref

    @notifications.created(_USER)

    @domains_configured

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def create_user(self, user_id, user_ref):

        user = user_ref.copy()

        user['name'] = clean.user_name(user['name'])

        user.setdefault('enabled', True)

        user['enabled'] = clean.user_enabled(user['enabled'])

        # For creating a user, the domain is in the object itself

        domain_id = user_ref['domain_id']

        driver = self._select_identity_driver(domain_id)

        if not driver.is_domain_aware():

            user = self._clear_domain_id(user)

        ref = driver.create_user(user_id, user)

        if not driver.is_domain_aware():

            ref = self._set_domain_id(ref, domain_id)

        return ref

    @domains_configured

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def get_user(self, user_id, domain_scope=None):

        domain_id, driver = self._get_domain_id_and_driver(domain_scope)

        ref = driver.get_user(user_id)

        if not driver.is_domain_aware():

            ref = self._set_domain_id(ref, domain_id)

        return ref

    @domains_configured

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def get_user_by_name(self, user_name, domain_id):

        driver = self._select_identity_driver(domain_id)

        ref = driver.get_user_by_name(user_name, domain_id)

        if not driver.is_domain_aware():

            ref = self._set_domain_id(ref, domain_id)

        return ref

    @manager.response_truncated

    @domains_configured

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def list_users(self, domain_scope=None, hints=None):

        domain_id, driver = self._get_domain_id_and_driver(domain_scope)

        if not driver.is_domain_aware():

            # We are effectively satisfying any domain_id filter by the above

            # driver selection, so remove any such filter

            self._mark_domain_id_filter_satisfied(hints)

        ref_list = driver.list_users(hints or driver_hints.Hints())

        if not driver.is_domain_aware():

            ref_list = self._set_domain_id(ref_list, domain_id)

        return ref_list

    @notifications.updated(_USER)

    @domains_configured

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def update_user(self, user_id, user_ref, domain_scope=None):

        user = user_ref.copy()

        if 'name' in user:

            user['name'] = clean.user_name(user['name'])

        if 'enabled' in user:

            user['enabled'] = clean.user_enabled(user['enabled'])

        domain_id, driver = self._get_domain_id_and_driver(domain_scope)

        if not driver.is_domain_aware():

            user = self._clear_domain_id(user)

        ref = driver.update_user(user_id, user)

        if user.get('enabled') is False or user.get('password') is not None:

            if self.revoke_api:

                self.revoke_api.revoke_by_user(user_id)

            self.token_api.delete_tokens_for_user(user_id)

        if not driver.is_domain_aware():

            ref = self._set_domain_id(ref, domain_id)

        return ref

    @notifications.deleted(_USER)

    @domains_configured

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def delete_user(self, user_id, domain_scope=None):

        domain_id, driver = self._get_domain_id_and_driver(domain_scope)

        driver.delete_user(user_id)

        self.credential_api.delete_credentials_for_user(user_id)

        self.token_api.delete_tokens_for_user(user_id)

    @notifications.created(_GROUP)

    @domains_configured

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def create_group(self, group_id, group_ref):

        group = group_ref.copy()

        group.setdefault('description', '')

        # For creating a group, the domain is in the object itself

        domain_id = group_ref['domain_id']

        driver = self._select_identity_driver(domain_id)

        if not driver.is_domain_aware():

            group = self._clear_domain_id(group)

        ref = driver.create_group(group_id, group)

        if not driver.is_domain_aware():

            ref = self._set_domain_id(ref, domain_id)

        return ref

    @domains_configured

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def get_group(self, group_id, domain_scope=None):

        domain_id, driver = self._get_domain_id_and_driver(domain_scope)

        ref = driver.get_group(group_id)

        if not driver.is_domain_aware():

            ref = self._set_domain_id(ref, domain_id)

        return ref

    @notifications.updated(_GROUP)

    @domains_configured

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def update_group(self, group_id, group, domain_scope=None):

        domain_id, driver = self._get_domain_id_and_driver(domain_scope)

        if not driver.is_domain_aware():

            group = self._clear_domain_id(group)

        ref = driver.update_group(group_id, group)

        if not driver.is_domain_aware():

            ref = self._set_domain_id(ref, domain_id)

        return ref

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def revoke_tokens_for_group(self, group_id, domain_scope):

        # We get the list of users before we attempt the group

        # deletion, so that we can remove these tokens after we know

        # the group deletion succeeded.

        # TODO(ayoung): revoke based on group and roleids instead

        user_ids = []

        for u in self.list_users_in_group(group_id, domain_scope):

            user_ids.append(u['id'])

            if self.revoke_api:

                self.revoke_api.revoke_by_user(u['id'])

        self.token_api.delete_tokens_for_users(user_ids)

    @notifications.deleted(_GROUP)

    @domains_configured

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def delete_group(self, group_id, domain_scope=None):

        domain_id, driver = self._get_domain_id_and_driver(domain_scope)

        # As well as deleting the group, we need to invalidate

        # any tokens for the users who are members of the group.

        self.revoke_tokens_for_group(group_id, domain_scope)

        driver.delete_group(group_id)

    @domains_configured

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def add_user_to_group(self, user_id, group_id, domain_scope=None):

        domain_id, driver = self._get_domain_id_and_driver(domain_scope)

        driver.add_user_to_group(user_id, group_id)

        self.token_api.delete_tokens_for_user(user_id)

    @domains_configured

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def remove_user_from_group(self, user_id, group_id, domain_scope=None):

        domain_id, driver = self._get_domain_id_and_driver(domain_scope)

        driver.remove_user_from_group(user_id, group_id)

        # TODO(ayoung) revoking all tokens for a user based on group

        # membership is overkill, as we only would need to revoke tokens

        # that had role assignments via the group.  Calculating those

        # assignments would have to be done by the assignment backend.

        if self.revoke_api:

            self.revoke_api.revoke_by_user(user_id)

        self.token_api.delete_tokens_for_user(user_id)

    @manager.response_truncated

    @domains_configured

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def list_groups_for_user(self, user_id, domain_scope=None,

                             hints=None):

        domain_id, driver = self._get_domain_id_and_driver(domain_scope)

        if not driver.is_domain_aware():

            # We are effectively satisfying any domain_id filter by the above

            # driver selection, so remove any such filter

            self._mark_domain_id_filter_satisfied(hints)

        ref_list = driver.list_groups_for_user(

            user_id, hints or driver_hints.Hints())

        if not driver.is_domain_aware():

            ref_list = self._set_domain_id(ref_list, domain_id)

        return ref_list

    @manager.response_truncated

    @domains_configured

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def list_groups(self, domain_scope=None, hints=None):

        domain_id, driver = self._get_domain_id_and_driver(domain_scope)

        if not driver.is_domain_aware():

            # We are effectively satisfying any domain_id filter by the above

            # driver selection, so remove any such filter

            self._mark_domain_id_filter_satisfied(hints)

        ref_list = driver.list_groups(hints or driver_hints.Hints())

        if not driver.is_domain_aware():

            ref_list = self._set_domain_id(ref_list, domain_id)

        return ref_list

    @manager.response_truncated

    @domains_configured

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def list_users_in_group(self, group_id, domain_scope=None,

                            hints=None):

        domain_id, driver = self._get_domain_id_and_driver(domain_scope)

        if not driver.is_domain_aware():

            # We are effectively satisfying any domain_id filter by the above

            # driver selection, so remove any such filter

            self._mark_domain_id_filter_satisfied(hints)

        ref_list = driver.list_users_in_group(

            group_id, hints or driver_hints.Hints())

        if not driver.is_domain_aware():

            ref_list = self._set_domain_id(ref_list, domain_id)

        return ref_list

    @domains_configured

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def check_user_in_group(self, user_id, group_id, domain_scope=None):

        domain_id, driver = self._get_domain_id_and_driver(domain_scope)

        driver.check_user_in_group(user_id, group_id)

    @domains_configured

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def change_password(self, context, user_id, original_password,

                        new_password, domain_scope):

        # authenticate() will raise an AssertionError if authentication fails

        self.authenticate(context, user_id, original_password,

                          domain_scope=domain_scope)

        update_dict = {'password': new_password}

        self.update_user(user_id, update_dict, domain_scope=domain_scope)

    # TODO(morganfainberg): Remove the following deprecated methods once

    # Icehouse is released.  Maintain identity -> assignment proxy for 1

    # release.

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def get_domain_by_name(self, domain_name):

        return self.assignment_api.get_domain_by_name(domain_name)

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def get_domain(self, domain_id):

        return self.assignment_api.get_domain(domain_id)

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def update_domain(self, domain_id, domain):

        return self.assignment_api.update_domain(domain_id, domain)

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def list_domains(self, hints=None):

        return self.assignment_api.list_domains(hints=hints)

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def delete_domain(self, domain_id):

        return self.assignment_api.delete_domain(domain_id)

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def create_domain(self, domain_id, domain):

        return self.assignment_api.create_domain(domain_id, domain)

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def list_projects_for_user(self, user_id):

        return self.assignment_api.list_projects_for_user(user_id)

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def add_user_to_project(self, tenant_id, user_id):

        return self.assignment_api.add_user_to_project(tenant_id, user_id)

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def remove_user_from_project(self, tenant_id, user_id):

        return self.assignment_api.remove_user_from_project(tenant_id, user_id)

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def get_project(self, tenant_id):

        return self.assignment_api.get_project(tenant_id)

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def list_projects(self, hints=None):

        return self.assignment_api.list_projects(hints=hints)

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def get_role(self, role_id):

        return self.assignment_api.get_role(role_id)

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def list_roles(self, hints=None):

        return self.assignment_api.list_roles(hints=hints)

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def get_project_users(self, tenant_id):

        return self.assignment_api.get_project_users(tenant_id)

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def get_roles_for_user_and_project(self, user_id, tenant_id):

        return self.assignment_api.get_roles_for_user_and_project(

            user_id, tenant_id)

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def get_roles_for_user_and_domain(self, user_id, domain_id):

        return (self.assignment_api.get_roles_for_user_and_domain

                (user_id, domain_id))

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def add_role_to_user_and_project(self, user_id,

                                     tenant_id, role_id):

        return (self.assignment_api.add_role_to_user_and_project

                (user_id, tenant_id, role_id))

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def create_role(self, role_id, role):

        return self.assignment_api.create_role(role_id, role)

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def delete_role(self, role_id):

        return self.assignment_api.delete_role(role_id)

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def remove_role_from_user_and_project(self, user_id,

                                          tenant_id, role_id):

        return (self.assignment_api.remove_role_from_user_and_project

                (user_id, tenant_id, role_id))

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def update_role(self, role_id, role):

        return self.assignment_api.update_role(role_id, role)

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def create_grant(self, role_id, user_id=None, group_id=None,

                     domain_id=None, project_id=None,

                     inherited_to_projects=False):

        return (self.assignment_api.create_grant

                (role_id, user_id, group_id, domain_id, project_id,

                 inherited_to_projects))

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def list_grants(self, user_id=None, group_id=None,

                    domain_id=None, project_id=None,

                    inherited_to_projects=False):

        return (self.assignment_api.list_grants

                (user_id, group_id, domain_id, project_id,

                 inherited_to_projects))

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def get_grant(self, role_id, user_id=None, group_id=None,

                  domain_id=None, project_id=None,

                  inherited_to_projects=False):

        return (self.assignment_api.get_grant

                (role_id, user_id, group_id, domain_id, project_id,

                 inherited_to_projects))

    @moved_to_assignment

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def delete_grant(self, role_id, user_id=None, group_id=None,

                     domain_id=None, project_id=None,

                     inherited_to_projects=False):

        return (self.assignment_api.delete_grant

                (role_id, user_id, group_id, domain_id, project_id,

                 inherited_to_projects))

@six.add_metaclass(abc.ABCMeta)

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

class Driver(object):

"""Interface description for an Identity driver."""

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def _get_list_limit(self):

        return CONF.identity.list_limit or CONF.list_limit

    @abc.abstractmethod

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def authenticate(self, user_id, password):

        """Authenticate a given user and password.

        :returns: user_ref

        :raises: AssertionError

        """

        raise exception.NotImplemented()

    # user crud

    @abc.abstractmethod

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def create_user(self, user_id, user):

        """Creates a new user.

        :raises: keystone.exception.Conflict

        """

        raise exception.NotImplemented()

    @abc.abstractmethod

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def list_users(self, hints):

        """List users in the system.

        :param hints: filter hints which the driver should

                      implement if at all possible.

        :returns: a list of user_refs or an empty list.

        """

        raise exception.NotImplemented()

    @abc.abstractmethod

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def list_users_in_group(self, group_id, hints):

        """List users in a group.

        :param group_id: the group in question

        :param hints: filter hints which the driver should

                      implement if at all possible.

        :returns: a list of user_refs or an empty list.

        """

        raise exception.NotImplemented()

    @abc.abstractmethod

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def get_user(self, user_id):

        """Get a user by ID.

        :returns: user_ref

        :raises: keystone.exception.UserNotFound

        """

        raise exception.NotImplemented()

    @abc.abstractmethod

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def update_user(self, user_id, user):

        """Updates an existing user.

        :raises: keystone.exception.UserNotFound,

                 keystone.exception.Conflict

        """

        raise exception.NotImplemented()

    @abc.abstractmethod

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def add_user_to_group(self, user_id, group_id):

        """Adds a user to a group.

        :raises: keystone.exception.UserNotFound,

                 keystone.exception.GroupNotFound

        """

        raise exception.NotImplemented()

    @abc.abstractmethod

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def check_user_in_group(self, user_id, group_id):

        """Checks if a user is a member of a group.

        :raises: keystone.exception.UserNotFound,

                 keystone.exception.GroupNotFound

        """

        raise exception.NotImplemented()

    @abc.abstractmethod

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def remove_user_from_group(self, user_id, group_id):

        """Removes a user from a group.

        :raises: keystone.exception.NotFound

        """

        raise exception.NotImplemented()

    @abc.abstractmethod

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def delete_user(self, user_id):

        """Deletes an existing user.

        :raises: keystone.exception.UserNotFound

        """

        raise exception.NotImplemented()

    @abc.abstractmethod

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def get_user_by_name(self, user_name, domain_id):

        """Get a user by name.

        :returns: user_ref

        :raises: keystone.exception.UserNotFound

        """

        raise exception.NotImplemented()

    # group crud

    @abc.abstractmethod

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def create_group(self, group_id, group):

        """Creates a new group.

        :raises: keystone.exception.Conflict

        """

        raise exception.NotImplemented()

    @abc.abstractmethod

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def list_groups(self, hints):

        """List groups in the system.

        :param hints: filter hints which the driver should

                      implement if at all possible.

        :returns: a list of group_refs or an empty list.

        """

        raise exception.NotImplemented()

    @abc.abstractmethod

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def list_groups_for_user(self, user_id, hints):

        """List groups a user is in

        :param user_id: the user in question

        :param hints: filter hints which the driver should

                      implement if at all possible.

        :returns: a list of group_refs or an empty list.

        """

        raise exception.NotImplemented()

    @abc.abstractmethod

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def get_group(self, group_id):

        """Get a group by ID.

        :returns: group_ref

        :raises: keystone.exception.GroupNotFound

        """

        raise exception.NotImplemented()

    @abc.abstractmethod

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def update_group(self, group_id, group):

        """Updates an existing group.

        :raises: keystone.exceptionGroupNotFound,

                 keystone.exception.Conflict

        """

        raise exception.NotImplemented()

    @abc.abstractmethod

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def delete_group(self, group_id):

        """Deletes an existing group.

        :raises: keystone.exception.GroupNotFound

        """

        raise exception.NotImplemented()

    @abc.abstractmethod

**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****

    def is_domain_aware(self):

        """Indicates if Driver supports domains."""

        raise exception.NotImplemented()

    #end of identity