**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****
def upgrade(migrate_engine):
    meta = MetaData()
    meta.bind = migrate_engine
    migrations = Table(
        'migrations', meta,
        Column('created_at', DateTime),
        Column('updated_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted', Boolean),
        Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True, nullable=False),
        Column('source_compute', String(length=255)),
        Column('dest_compute', String(length=255)),
        Column('dest_host', String(length=255)),
        Column('status', String(length=255)),
        Column('instance_uuid', String(length=255)),
        Column('old_instance_type_id', Integer),
        Column('new_instance_type_id', Integer),
        mysql_engine='InnoDB'
    )
    services = Table(
        'services', meta,
        Column('created_at', DateTime),
        Column('updated_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted', Boolean),
        Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True, nullable=False),
        Column('host', String(length=255)),
        Column('binary', String(length=255)),
        Column('topic', String(length=255)),
        Column('report_count', Integer, nullable=False),
        Column('disabled', Boolean),
        Column('availability_zone', String(length=255)),
        mysql_engine='InnoDB'
    )
    sm_flavors = Table(
        'sm_flavors', meta,
        Column('created_at', DateTime),
        Column('updated_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted', Boolean),
        Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True, nullable=False),
        Column('label', String(length=255)),
        Column('description', String(length=255)),
        mysql_engine='InnoDB'
    )
    sm_backend_config = Table(
        'sm_backend_config', meta,
        Column('created_at', DateTime),
        Column('updated_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted', Boolean),
        Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True, nullable=False),
        Column('flavor_id', Integer, ForeignKey('sm_flavors.id'),
               nullable=False),
        Column('sr_uuid', String(length=255)),
        Column('sr_type', String(length=255)),
        Column('config_params', String(length=2047)),
        mysql_engine='InnoDB'
    )
    sm_volume = Table(
        'sm_volume', meta,
        Column('created_at', DateTime),
        Column('updated_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted', Boolean),
        Column('id', String(length=36),
               ForeignKey('volumes.id'),
               primary_key=True,
               nullable=False),
        Column('backend_id', Integer, ForeignKey('sm_backend_config.id'),
               nullable=False),
        Column('vdi_uuid', String(length=255)),
        mysql_engine='InnoDB'
    )
    snapshots = Table(
        'snapshots', meta,
        Column('created_at', DateTime),
        Column('updated_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted', Boolean),
        Column('id', String(length=36), primary_key=True, nullable=False),
        Column('volume_id', String(length=36), nullable=False),
        Column('user_id', String(length=255)),
        Column('project_id', String(length=255)),
        Column('status', String(length=255)),
        Column('progress', String(length=255)),
        Column('volume_size', Integer),
        Column('scheduled_at', DateTime),
        Column('display_name', String(length=255)),
        Column('display_description', String(length=255)),
        mysql_engine='InnoDB'
    )
    volume_types = Table(
        'volume_types', meta,
        Column('created_at', DateTime),
        Column('updated_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted', Boolean),
        Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True, nullable=False),
        Column('name', String(length=255)),
        mysql_engine='InnoDB'
    )
    volume_metadata = Table(
        'volume_metadata', meta,
        Column('created_at', DateTime),
        Column('updated_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted', Boolean),
        Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True, nullable=False),
        Column('volume_id', String(length=36), ForeignKey('volumes.id'),
               nullable=False),
        Column('key', String(length=255)),
        Column('value', String(length=255)),
        mysql_engine='InnoDB'
    )
    volume_type_extra_specs = Table(
        'volume_type_extra_specs', meta,
        Column('created_at', DateTime),
        Column('updated_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted', Boolean),
        Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True, nullable=False),
        Column('volume_type_id', Integer, ForeignKey('volume_types.id'),
               nullable=False),
        Column('key', String(length=255)),
        Column('value', String(length=255)),
        mysql_engine='InnoDB'
    )
    volumes = Table(
        'volumes', meta,
        Column('created_at', DateTime),
        Column('updated_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted', Boolean),
        Column('id', String(length=36), primary_key=True, nullable=False),
        Column('ec2_id', String(length=255)),
        Column('user_id', String(length=255)),
        Column('project_id', String(length=255)),
        Column('host', String(length=255)),
        Column('size', Integer),
        Column('availability_zone', String(length=255)),
        Column('instance_uuid', String(length=36)),
        Column('mountpoint', String(length=255)),
        Column('attach_time', String(length=255)),
        Column('status', String(length=255)),
        Column('attach_status', String(length=255)),
        Column('scheduled_at', DateTime),
        Column('launched_at', DateTime),
        Column('terminated_at', DateTime),
        Column('display_name', String(length=255)),
        Column('display_description', String(length=255)),
        Column('provider_location', String(length=256)),
        Column('provider_auth', String(length=256)),
        Column('snapshot_id', String(length=36)),
        Column('volume_type_id', Integer),
        mysql_engine='InnoDB'
    )
    quotas = Table(
        'quotas', meta,
        Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True, nullable=False),
        Column('created_at', DateTime),
        Column('updated_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted', Boolean),
        Column('project_id', String(length=255)),
        Column('resource', String(length=255), nullable=False),
        Column('hard_limit', Integer),
        mysql_engine='InnoDB'
    )
    iscsi_targets = Table(
        'iscsi_targets', meta,
        Column('created_at', DateTime),
        Column('updated_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted_at', DateTime),
        Column('deleted', Boolean),
        Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True, nullable=False),
        Column('target_num', Integer),
        Column('host', String(length=255)),
        Column('volume_id', String(length=36), ForeignKey('volumes.id'),
               nullable=True),
        mysql_engine='InnoDB'
    )
    # create all tables
    # Take care on create order for those with FK dependencies
    tables = [sm_flavors,
              sm_backend_config,
              snapshots,
              volume_types,
              volumes,
              iscsi_targets,
              migrations,
              quotas,
              services,
              sm_volume,
              volume_metadata,
              volume_type_extra_specs]
    for table in tables:
        try:
            table.create()
        except Exception:
            LOG.info(repr(table))
            LOG.exception(_('Exception while creating table.'))
            raise
    if migrate_engine.name == "mysql":
        tables = ["sm_flavors",
                  "sm_backend_config",
                  "snapshots",
                  "volume_types",
                  "volumes",
                  "iscsi_targets",
                  "migrate_version",
                  "migrations",
                  "quotas",
                  "services",
                  "sm_volume",
                  "volume_metadata",
                  "volume_type_extra_specs"]
        sql = "SET foreign_key_checks = 0;"
        for table in tables:
            sql += "ALTER TABLE %s CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8;" % table
        sql += "SET foreign_key_checks = 1;"
        sql += "ALTER DATABASE %s DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8;" \
            % migrate_engine.url.database
        sql += "ALTER TABLE %s Engine=InnoDB;" % table
        migrate_engine.execute(sql)
**** CubicPower OpenStack Study ****
def downgrade(migrate_engine):
    LOG.exception(_('Downgrade from initial Cinder install is unsupported.'))